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Nederlands - nl-NL- English (United Kingdom)-

Welcome!

I'm working as a freelancer in the IT business, running my own company
called RMCS.

Everything that has to do with Windows Server, Cisco, Linux, Security
and Wireless is my passion!. My daily job is installing new networks,
servers, maintenance, security audits but also teaching network
engineers to keep their knowledge up-to-date.

If you want to know more about the services I am able to offer you,
please check out the "Services" menu-item. My Weblog will tell you
everything that i'm working on at the moment.

René Molenaar
MCSE / CCNA / CCNP / CCSI / CWNA / CWSP / CTT

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VMWare server 2.02 & Centos 5.5

Posted in Weblog on November 07, 2010 by Rene Molenaar

In case you ever installed VMWare server 2.02 on Centos 5.5 or 5.4 you
probably ran into some problems where the web management keeps crashing
and only the command-line is trustworthy.

The problem is caused by a new version of Glibc since the older
versions work fine. Until CentOS or VMWare find a good solution this
one will do the trick.
1. You need root access to solve this.
2. Go to the /etc/yum.repos.d folder and copy the CentOS-Base.repo to
CentOS53-Base.repo .
3. Edit the CentOS53-Base.repo file, eg: vim
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS53-Base.repo .
4. Append "53" to all packages, eg:
[base] -> [base53]
[updates] -> [updates53]
etc.
5. Comment out the mirrorlist by putting a # in front of it.
6. Remove the baseurl line for all packages and replace it with the
following:
baseurl=vault.centos/5.3/os/x86_64/
OR
baseurl=vault.centos/5.3/os/i386/
Depending if you are using the 32-bit or 64-bit version.
7. Now it's time to downgrade glibc and glibc-common.
yum downgrade glibc glibc-common
8. I had to do this 7-8 times from a fully updated CentOS 5.5 version
until you have the correct version. The version you are looking for
is 2.5-34.
9. After you have the correct version installed, edit yum.conf so you
can't update glibc again. Put this in your yum.conf:
exclude=glibc* nscd gcc gcc-c++ cpp libstdc++* nss_ldap
10. Final step: restart your server and run /usr/bin/vmware-config.pl
again.

This should solve the problem and you finally use the web management
interface without any trouble!

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Backup MYSQL Database on Plesk

Posted in Weblog on November 07, 2010 by Rene Molenaar

If you want to make a backup from a MYSQL Database on a plesk server
you can do this from the command line. There's just one catch...you
need to be careful that you can't specify the username/password
yourself. Instead you need to use the following command:

mysql -uadmin -p`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow`

For example; if you want to make a backup of a database this is what
you should do:

mysqldump -uadmin -p`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` databasename >
backupfile.sql

This will do the trick!

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Hardware information using dmedicode

Posted in Weblog on September 28, 2010 by Rene Molenaar

If you want to know all the hardware information about a linux machine
without having the box in front of you, there's a way to solve this
remotely using dmidecode.

For example I needed to know what version a certain server was, I knew
it was a HP Proliant but I didn't know if it was a G3,4 or 5.

By using dmidecode you can get the following information:

dmidecode --type 1

Will give you all the system information, including the model number:

# dmidecode 2.10
SMBIOS 2.3 present.
Handle 0x0100, DMI type 1, 25 bytes
System Information
Manufacturer: HP
Product Name: ProLiant DL360 G4p
Version: Not Specified
Serial Number: xxxxxxxx
UUID: xxxxxxxx
Wake-up Type: Power Switch

There are a lot of options you can use with dmidecode to get all the
information you want, check out this list:

Type Information
----------------------------------------
0 BIOS
1 System
2 Base Board
3 Chassis
4 Processor
5 Memory Controller
6 Memory Module
7 Cache
8 Port Connector
9 System Slots
10 On Board Devices
11 OEM Strings
12 System Configuration Options
13 BIOS Language
14 Group Associations
15 System Event Log
16 Physical Memory Array
17 Memory Device
18 32-bit Memory Error
19 Memory Array Mapped Address
20 Memory Device Mapped Address
21 Built-in Pointing Device
22 Portable Battery
23 System Reset
24 Hardware Security
25 System Power Controls
26 Voltage Probe
27 Cooling Device
28 Temperature Probe
29 Electrical Current Probe
30 Out-of-band Remote Access
31 Boot Integrity Services
32 System Boot
33 64-bit Memory Error
34 Management Device
35 Management Device Component
36 Management Device Threshold Data
37 Memory Channel
38 IPMI Device
39 Power Supply

This will make your life as a Linux Engineer much easier!

If you have any questions or comments please let me know.

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Apache: solving access to offsite directories

Posted in Weblog on September 10, 2010 by Rene Molenaar

On some webservers PHP is only allowed to have access to subdirectories
under the website's root. This is a problem with subdomains or some PHP
scripts. For example, I needed this to fix Akeeba Backup for Joomla.

The following example is for a Plesk server, perhaps directory
structure for your webserver is different...

First you need to create a vhost.conf for this domainname, do this in
/var/www/vhosts//conf .

Put this in the vhost.conf file:

/httpdocs>
php_admin_value safe_mode off
php_admin_value open_basedir none

Now you need to rebuild the domain configs, just for this domain:

/usr/local/psa/admin/sbin/websrvmng -u --vhost-name=

Now you need to restart Apache and the problem should be solved!

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Cisco Routing & Switching Certifications

Posted in Weblog on September 08, 2010 by Rene Molenaar

Many people ask me where to start when they want to study Cisco so I
decided to write a blog post about this.

Cisco offers different "tracks" when it comes to certification:
* Routing & Switching
* Design
* Network Security
* Service Provider
* Service Provider Operations
* Storage Networking
* Voice
* Wireless

Most of the tracks have 3 "levels" of certification:
* CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)
* CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional)
* CCIE (Cisco Certified Ineternetwork Expert)

The most popular track is routing & switching, most people first start
with routing & switching and take on another track later on. If you are
interested in configuring networks for VoiP you will need to know some
routing & switching protocols, especially quality of service.
Implementing security is also kinda hard if you have no idea what to
secure...

On the Cisco website you will always see this pyramid when they are
talking about certifications:

At the bottom you see the "entry" level, i'm skipping that one and
jumping right to the "Assosicate" level (CCNA) because that's where
most people are starting. As you can see the bottom is very width, and
if you go to the professional (CCNP) and expert (CCIE) level it's
narrow.This image is chosen for a reason.

CCNA

If you start with studying Cisco, you'll start with the Associate level
(CCNA). There are a lot of topics and technologies that you might have
never heard about, so there's a lot of studying for you to do...I
believe this makes it a hard exam for newcomers. If you want to
self-study for CCNA I recommend you to get this book:

CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide: Exam 640-802

It covers all the topics for the exam, if you read this book a couple
of times and do all the exercises...you'll have a very good basic
understanding of networking. It shows you the basics of networking,
switching, routing, ip, etc.

You can get the CCNA certification by doing 2 seperate or a combined
exam. If you do the combined exam you need to get a higher score and I
only suggest doing this when you feel really confident about your
networking knowledge or already have experience.

To beat Cisco exams you need to get hands-on experience. You can
achieve this by buying old equipment (from ebay) and practice. This is
what you will need at least:

2x Cisco 2950 Catalyst Switch. (any version will do)
2x Cisco 2610 Router with at least 1x FastEthernet and 1x Serial
Connection.
1x Serial Console Cable (those are the famous blue Cisco cables for
console connections)
1x Serial Cable
1x Serial 2 USB (in case you don't have a serial port on your PC or
laptop).

If you are planning to continue studying Cisco I would suggest to buy
Cisco 2550 Catalyst Switches instead of the 2950's, they are more
useful for your CCNP.

It's possible to skip the routers because you can run Cisco IOS
(Cisco's Operating System) on your PC or laptop by using Dynamips/GNS3.
For more information and practice labs please visit my other website
GNS3Vault.

Cisco 2610 Router

Cisco Catalyst 2950 Switch

Cisco Serial Console Cable:

Cisco Serial Cable:

CCNP

This equipment and the study guide should help you to pass your CCNA,
Now if you want to continue studying your CCNP you will find that this
is much easier (that's my opinion) then when you studied for your CCNA.
When you started with the CCNA you had to study complete new material
that you perhaps never heard or read about before, now you have a basic
level of networking knowledge that you will further develop.

To achieve your CCNP certification you need to pass 3 exams:
* Route (Routing)
* Switch (Switching)
* Tshoot (Troubleshooting)

For passing your CCNP i'd suggest to read the following books:

Routing TCP/IP Volume 1:

This book isn't special for the CCNP but covers all the interior
routing protocols and is written very well, a must read for every
networking professional.

Routing TCP/IP Volume 2:

Sometimes more is better and that is definitely true for Routing
TCP/IP. This book is more about BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), NAT and
some IPv6.

The other books you should read are the Cisco Press books that cover
the exam goals:

CCNP Route:

This is the official Cisco Press book, covers everything you need to
know for the "Route" exam.

CCNP Switch:

Also the official Cisco Press book about the Switch exam. Teaches you
everything about switching you need to know to pass the exam.

CCNP Tshoot:

Troubleshooting networks is fun, this book will show you everything you
need to know.

Besides reading books you need to increase your hands-on
experience...do more labs, build networks and so on. You can do alot of
labs with routers by using the dynamips/gns3 software. Check out my
website GNS3Vault which will help you a lot.

The new Cisco exams are very "practical". This means you will get a lot
of questions you cannot answer if you don't have the hands-on
experience. You need to build networks...do labs, try stuff out. Just
reading the books is not going to be enough!

CCIE

Now the CCIE is a completely different beast. Honestly you can't
compare this to CCNA or CCNP level. To pass the CCIE you need to do a
written exam and pass the lab...currently I'm working on the CCIE
myself and i'll write a blog post about this in the future ;)

One last note: buying books is very expensive...so perhaps you will
like to check out "Safari Books Online". For a monthly fee you can read
plenty of books. If you like reading like me, this is cheaper then
having a full bookshelf at home :)

For labs: Don't forget to check my other website "GNS3Vault". It's free
and has plenty of Cisco Labs to help you study!

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Disable Mod Security for Domain on Plesk

Posted in Weblog on August 28, 2010 by Rene Molenaar

Mod security will increase the security of your server, but sometimes
it's blocking legitimate traffic. If you want to disable it for a
single domain on your Plesk server, this is what you need to do:
1. Create a vhost.conf file and place it in the following directory:
/var/www/vhosts/domainname/conf
2. It should include the following:

SecRuleEngine Off

3. Reconfigure Apache:
/usr/local/psa/admin/bin/websrvmng -u --vhost-name=domainname
4. Restart Apache:
service httpd restart

That's it, Mod Security is now disabled for this single domainname...

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Buffer Overflow Explained

Posted in Weblog on August 23, 2010 by Rene Molenaar

In case you are not sure what a buffer overflow exactly is, check out
the following animation. It explains very well what it is...

Buffer Overflow Animation

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GNS3Vault growing strong!

Posted in Weblog on August 18, 2010 by Rene Molenaar

A couple of weeks ago I launched GNS3Vault, you can download any Cisco
Lab you like here for free and use it with the GNS3 software.

This is ideal when you are studying for your CCNA, CCNP, CCSP, CCIP or
any other Cisco certificate. Even if you just want to upgrade your
network knowledge this is a good place to check out.

If you haven't seen the website yet, here's the link:

gns3vault

Have fun, and good luck studying!

Rene

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CCIE: Importance of the DocCD

Posted in Weblog on August 17, 2010 by Rene Molenaar

Hello all,

In case you are studying for you CCIE and are not sure what the DOC CD
is about, and how importance it is...please check out this great link
explaining it all:

DOC CD - IP Expert

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IOS Features you should disable or restrict

Posted in Weblog on August 17, 2010 by Rene Molenaar

I found a nice little overview of some IOS features that are possible
on a Cisco router, some of them are enabled by default and possibly a
security risk..it's a good idea to check them out and perhaps disable
them on your network!
1. CDP: We all know CDP, the Cisco Discovery Protocol. It's a layer2
protocol that will tell your all the information about your
neighboring devices..IP address, hardware, IOS version and so on.
If you don't use it, disable it.
2. TCP Small servers: This is some TCP standard network services like
echo, disable it.
3. UDP Small servers: Same but for UDP, disable it.
4. Finger: User lookup service, originally for Unix. Can be used
remotely to list logged in users. Nobody needs to know this kind of
information remotely...
5. HTTP server: very nice for in a lab (gns3vault) but not a
good idea in a production environment.
6. Bootp server: Allows other routers to boot from this router, hardly
ever used...
7. Configuration auto-loading: Your router will try to boot up from a
TFTP, i've only used this once so my regular 2600's could boot the
XM image in a lab...not gonna use it in production.
8. PAD service: Router will support X.25, not gonna use it.
9. IP Source routing: allows the creator of an IP packet to choose the
route, you don't want this.
10. Proxy ARP: Your router will answer (proxy) for L2 ARP requests,
don't use this.
11. IP directed broadcasts: Allows you to send packets to the broadcast
address of another subnet, allows "smurf attacks". Used for DOS
attacks...so disable this.
12. IP Unreachable notifications: Your router will notify a sender of
incorrect IP addresses, gives away information.
13. IP Mask reply: Router will send the subnet mask of an interface in
response to a ICMP mask request, gives away information.
14. IP Redirects: Your router will send an ICMP redirect in response to
some router IP packets.
15. Maintenance Operations Protocol (MOP): Old management protocol,
part of DECNET.
16. NTP service: Your router can become a time server, perhaps not
needed.
17. SNMP: If you don't use SNMP, I'd suggest to disable/block it.
18. DNS: Routers can perform DNS lookups, if you don't use this i'd
disable it.

Is there anything else that you miss in this list? please let me know!

Good luck securing your routers!

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